2009a), “Transportation Policy and Injury Control

Transportation planning is in the midst of a paradigm shift; a change in the way transportation problems are defined and solutions evaluated. The old paradigm assumed that transportation means automobile travel, so transportation planning consists of accommodating more and faster motor vehicle traffic. The new paradigm recognizes a wider range of options, including nonmotorized modes, and a wider range of planning objectives. The new paradigm does not assume that more travel is necessarily better, but instead strive for optimality, that is, a proper balance so each mode is used for what it does best. With better planning we can create a healthier, more efficient and more equitable transportation system. A key step in this paradigm shift is to recognize the full value of non-motorized modes (walking, cycling, and variants such as wheelchairs and scooters). Nonmotorized travel is basic and essential. It is virtually universal, used by almost everybody, both alone and in conjunction with other modes. For example, bus and trains stations, ferry thermals, airports and parking lots are pedestrian environments, and most motorized trips involve walking links, such as walking or cycling to a bus stop, or walking from a parked car to destinations. The quality of walking access is a key factor in the convenience and comfort of using motorized modes. The article, "Who Owns the Roads? How Motorized Traffic Discourages Walking and Bicycling " [1] raise